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UNITED. STATES PATENT OFFICFEO ROBERT IRVINE, on ROYSTON eRANToN, COUNTY or MID-LOTHIAN, NORTH BRITAIN.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 242,828, dated June 14, 1881. Application filed December 6, 1880. (No specimens.) Patented in Great Britain July 29, 1880.

.To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ROBERT IRVINE, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, and residing at Royston Granton, county of 5 Mid-Lothian, North Britain, chemical manufacturer, have invented certain Improvements in the Manufacture or Production of Lubricating Compounds, (for which I have obtained a patent in Great Britain, No. 3,116, dated July 29, 1880,)of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the combination of certain oils with the ingredients hereinafter mentioned so as to produce a mixture or compound which possesses improved lubricating properties. In carrying out m yinvention I take such oils I as are derived by distillation from coal, shale, or other bituminous minerals, or from earth or rock oils, known as petroleum, or otherwise, or from earth wax or waxes, known as ozocerite, bitumen, asphaltum, or such portions of these oils as are suitableforlubricants, or I employ earth or rock oils which are used in their natural state as lubricants, or mixtures of these several oils, as also residuum from oils known as oil-residuums or still-bottoms, and dissolve in or combine with any one or any mixture of these oils compounds consisting of a fatty acid or fatty acids with an alkali, alkalies, salts having alkaline reactions, and in some cases alkaline earths. Thiscombination or compound, when combined or mixed with water, is commonly known as a soap or soaps. I employ such after the water usually present has been drivenoil by heat, or after the compound has been otherwise dehydrated, or I employ combinations. of fatty acid or acids with alkali, alkalies, salts having alkaline reaction,or alkaline earths heated together in a dry state until combination is effected, or I employsubstances containing fatty acids, in combination with glycerine, such as tallow and other animal fats and waxes, vegetable fats or waxes, the same, when decom- 5 posed by an alkali, alkalies, salts having an alkaline reaction, or alkaline earths, yielding a soap or saponaceous compound, or these may be heated together with the oils hereinbefore mentioned, so that their combination may be 50 thus effected.

In order to effect the solution of the soap, soaps, or saponaceous matters in the oil, heat is employed, applied at temperatures varying according to the proportions of saponaceous matter added, and ranging up to the boilingpoint of the oil or oils heated.

When the ingredients of the soap, soaps, or saponaceous matter are in their proper proportions-that is to say, in their chemical equivalents or combining proportions-com- 6o plete solution or mixture or combination takes place in the oil or oils employed, and hereinbefore described, and the mixture or compound assumes a plastic or greasy structure or consistency at temperatures ranging from 100 Fahrenheit to 260 Fahrenheit and higher, according to the proportion of soap or soaps or saponaoeous matter used.

By this invention I obtain a plastic or greasy mixture or compound in a solidified form free from water, which is eminently well adapted for preventing friction of rubbing-surfaces, and by minimizing the quantity of soap used I obtain in lieu of a solid product an oil of a greatlyincreased body which is available for like pur- 7 5 poses.

The following examples are given as types of the lubricating compounds which may be produced according to myinvention. In the practicalmanufactureoftheselubricatiugcompounds I employ varying proportions of saponaceous matters. For example, in order to produce the lubricant having a very high melting-point, I prefer to use a potash soap which has been previously (or is in the process of manufac- 8 ture) deprived of all water in the proportion of from ten to twenty per cent. This proportion dissolves in or is absorbed by the oil at a temperature of, say,fro1n 300 to 400 Fahrenheit, and produces the lubricant which remains solid at temperatures over 300 Fahrenheit. When not wanted with so high a meltin g-point 1 use a less proportion, varying from, say, three to ten per cent, which gives the material with a lower or higher melting-point at 5 will. When it is desired simply to increase the body of a mineral oil I use a minimum quantity of saponaceous matter, varying from, say, one-half to two and one-half per cent. In

this case the oil does not become a solid mass,

but retains its liquidity, although the body or viscosity becomes much greater.

It is obvious that in all cases it is necessary to employa higher temperature in the solution 5 of the saponaceous matters than is required as the melting-point of the resulting product.

I claim as my invention- The method of making lubricating compounds by dissolving and uniting under the IO action of heat saponaceous matter and mineral oil, said saponaceous matter comprising afatty acid and an alkali and being free from water when added to the mineral oil, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name 15 to this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

ROBERT IRVINE. Witnesses: I

GEO. HUTTON, O'ousulur Clerk, Lcith. D. BALForrR,

8 York Buildings, Edinburgh, Law Clerk. 

